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Health Library A to Z

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  • Atrioventricular (AV) Canal Defect in Children
    • An atrioventricular (AV) canal defect is a congenital heart defect. This means that your child is born with it. These defects may range from partial to complete. These conditions cause oxygen-rich (red) blood and oxygen-poor (blue) blood to mix. This sends extra blood to the child's lungs.

  • Ear Disorders
    • Detailed information on ear disorders in children

  • Effective Sucking
    • It's important for your baby's health to be able to effectively remove milk from your breast during nursing. To do this, your baby must learn the correct way to suck. But how do you know if your baby is actually getting the nutrition they need? Here's a guide to help you.

  • Egg Allergy Diet for Children
    • Parents of children with egg sensitivity may not be aware of the many food products that contain eggs. That's why it's important to carefully read food labels. Here's what you should know.

  • Electrocardiography for Children
    • Electrocardiography (ECG) is a simple, fast test to check the electrical activity of your child's heart as blood moves through it.

  • Electroencephalogram (EEG) for Children
    • An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a test that measures the electrical activity in the brain (brain waves). Small, round discs with wires (electrodes) are placed on the scalp during the test. The electrodes are not painful to your child.

  • Emergency Contact Information
    • In an emergency, it is easy to "forget" even the most well-known information. That's why it is crucial to complete the information in this form for each member of your household.

  • Encephalitis in Children
    • Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain. The inflammation causes the brain to swell. This leads to changes in a child's nervous system that can include confusion, changes in alertness, and seizures.

  • Encopresis
    • Encopresis is when your child leaks stool into their underwear. It is also called stool soiling. It is most often because of long-term (chronic) constipation. Encopresis happens to children ages 4 and older who have already been toilet trained.

  • Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Children
    • Endoscopic sinus surgery is a procedure to open the passages of the nose and sinuses. It is done to treat long-term (chronic) sinus infections. An ear, nose, and throat specialist (ENT) does the surgery.

  • Epiglottitis in Children
    • The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage at the base of the tongue at the very back of the throat. When the epiglottis becomes swollen and inflamed, it is called epiglottitis.

  • Epilepsy and Seizures in Children
    • Epilepsy is a brain condition that causes a child to have seizures. It is one of the most common disorders of the nervous system.

  • Ewing Sarcoma in Children
    • Ewing sarcoma is a rare type of cancer. It’s most common in children and teens between ages 10 and 19. It usually grows in bone, but it can also grow in soft tissue that’s connected to the bone. Read on to learn about symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.

  • Exercise and Teenagers
    • Teens need at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity on most days for good health and fitness and for healthy weight during growth.

  • Exstrophy of the Bladder and Epispadias in Children
    • Exstrophy of the bladder is when a baby's bladder has grown inside out and is sticking through the belly wall. It often occurs together with epispadias. This is when the opening of the tube that carries urine out of the body (the urethra) is in the wrong place.

  • Eye Protection Keeps Kids in the Game
    • The sports that cause the most injuries are basketball, baseball, pool sports, and racket sports. But any sport that involves something that is fired or thrown can be hazardous to the eyes.

  • Eye Trauma
    • Detailed information on eye trauma in children

  • Eyeglasses and Contact Lenses
    • A child who needs vision correction may wear eyeglasses or contact lenses. Either one comes in a range of choices.

  • Fifth Disease in Children
    • Fifth disease is a viral illness that causes a rash. It occurs most often in the winter and spring.

  • Making Family Fitness Fun
    • Activity can help prevent heart disease, cancer, and stroke. It can also lessen feelings of depression, and boost confidence. As children get older, they often reduce their physical activity. Because of this, making activity a family priority is key.

  • Nosebleed (Epistaxis) in Children
    • A nosebleed is bleeding from tissues inside the nose (nasal mucus membranes) caused by a broken blood vessel. Most nosebleeds in children occur in the front part of the nose close to the nostrils.

  • Transesophageal Echocardiography for Children
    • Echocardiography is an imaging test. It uses sound waves to make detailed moving pictures of the heart. It shows the size and shape of the heart, as well as the heart chambers and valves. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) uses a device, called a transducer, that is placed in the esophagus.

  • Trisomy 13 and Trisomy 18 in Children
    • Trisomy 13 and trisomy 18 are genetic disorders. They include a combination of birth defects. This includes severe learning problems and health problems that affect nearly every organ in the body.

  • Tympanostomy Tubes for Children
    • Ear tubes are small tubes that are placed in your child’s eardrum by an ear, nose, and throat surgeon. The tubes help to drain the fluid out of the middle ear. Read on to learn more.

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